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BIODIVERSITY

What is biodiversity?

Biodiversity is defined as the variety of all life and natural processes on Earth, including diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. Biodiversity provides food and medicine, fresh air and clean water, protection from natural disasters and green spaces for humans. Studies show that biodiversity is in grave danger from habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, climate change and overexploitation.

Countdown 2010 - Save Biodiversity! The recognition of biodiversity loss has gained high political profile both at global, national and regional levels. This has resulted in ambitious commitments for action by heads of states, initiated in 2001 in the European Union. - Governments worldwide have promised to save biodiversity by 2010.

Facts and Figures about Biodiversity

-  The abundance of species has declined by 40% between 1970 and 2000

-  Since 2000, 36 million hectares of primary forest have been lost each year.

-  In the Caribbean region, hard coral cover has declined by 80%

-  35% of mangroves have been lost in just 20 years.

Seven steps to save biodiversity

• Species and ecosystems need space to develop and recover. At least 10% of all ecosystem types should be under protection to maintain nature and natural landscapes.

• Improving farmland diversity and reducing the usage of pesticides and fertiliser are key efforts to saving biodiversity. Organic agriculture practices can serve as an example in many areas.

• 75% of all fisheries are fully exploited or over-fished. Species like cod, haddock and halibut are  already threatened. If we do not move towards sustainable use, there will be no fish left for our grandchildren.

• Roads, factories and housing destroy habitats for animals and plants. If urban and rural development continues to ignore nature, our surroundings will be dominated by concrete and pollution.

• With changing climate conditions, ecosystems and habitats will change as well. It is an obligation to fight climate change and make sure that species can migrate or adapt to new surroundings.

• Avoid the so-called alien invasive species that might thrive and destroy local flora and fauna. As you never know how things turn out, reducing these invasions is crucial.

• Biodiversity is the foundation for sustainable development. Its ecosystem services provide the basis for all economic activity.

► IUCN: Countdown 2010

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